The original paper is in English. Non-English content has been machine-translated and may contain typographical errors or mistranslations. ex. Some numerals are expressed as "XNUMX".
Copyrights notice
The original paper is in English. Non-English content has been machine-translated and may contain typographical errors or mistranslations. Copyrights notice
조회수
133
인터넷에서는 최종 호스트와 네트워크 노드가 상호 의존적으로 작동하여 트래픽을 원활하게 전송합니다. 관찰된 트래픽 역학은 해당 엔터티 간의 상호 작용의 결과입니다. 만족스러운 품질의 서비스를 제공하기 위해 인터넷 트래픽을 관리하려면 이러한 역학을 잘 이해하여 트래픽 패턴을 예측해야 합니다. 특히 일부 노드에는 역방향 노드에 역압 신호를 보내 전송 속도를 줄이고 혼잡을 완화하는 기능이 있습니다. 또한 엔드 호스트의 TCP(전송 제어 프로토콜) 정체 제어는 트래픽 편차를 완화하여 TCP 전송 속도를 줄여 일시적인 정체를 제거합니다. 이러한 혼잡 제어가 어떻게 혼잡을 완화하는지 광범위하게 조사되었습니다. 그러나 이러한 제어는 전송 속도를 제한할 뿐 트래픽 양을 줄이지는 않습니다. 전송되지 않은 트래픽 수요가 무한히 누적되기 때문에 정체가 몇 시간 동안 지속될 경우 이러한 정체 제어는 실패합니다. 그러나 실제 인터넷에서는 지속적인 정체가 발생하더라도 이러한 누적이 발생하지 않는 것 같습니다. 혼잡 중에 사용자 및/또는 애플리케이션은 부정적인 서비스 경험을 피하기 위해 서비스 품질(QoS) 저하에 대한 반응으로 트래픽 수요를 줄이는 경향이 있습니다. 우리는 이전에 이러한 상위 계층 반응으로 인해 2% 패킷 손실로 인해 23% 트래픽 감소가 발생한다고 추정했습니다[1]. 우리는 이러한 감소를 상위 계층 혼잡 회피 메커니즘으로 보고 이 메커니즘의 폐쇄 루프 모델을 구성합니다. 이를 상위 계층 폐쇄 루프(ULCL) 모델이라고 합니다. 또한 ULCL을 사용하여 피드백 루프의 균형으로 QoS 저하 및 트래픽 감소 정도를 예측할 수 있음을 보여줍니다. 실제 네트워크에서 수집된 트래픽 및 패킷 손실률 시계열 데이터에 우리 모델을 적용하여 실제 트래픽 및 패킷 손실률을 효과적으로 추정함을 입증했습니다.
Shigeaki HARADA
NTT Corporation
Keisuke ISHIBASHI
International Christian University
Ryoichi KAWAHARA
Toyo University
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부
Shigeaki HARADA, Keisuke ISHIBASHI, Ryoichi KAWAHARA, "Modeling Upper Layer Reaction to QoS Degradation as a Congestion Avoidance Mechanism" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications,
vol. E103-B, no. 4, pp. 302-311, April 2020, doi: 10.1587/transcom.2019NRI0001.
Abstract: On the Internet, end hosts and network nodes interdependently work to smoothly transfer traffic. Observed traffic dynamics are the result of those interactions among those entities. To manage Internet traffic to provide satisfactory quality services, such dynamics need to be well understood to predict traffic patterns. In particular, some nodes have a function that sends back-pressure signals to backward nodes to reduce their sending rate and mitigate congestion. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control in end-hosts also mitigates traffic deviation to eliminate temporary congestion by reducing the TCP sending rate. How these congestion controls mitigate congestion has been extensively investigated. However, these controls only throttle their sending rate but do not reduce traffic volume. Such congestion control fails if congestion is persistent, e.g., for hours, because unsent traffic demand will infinitely accumulate. However, on the actual Internet, even with persistent congestion, such accumulation does not seem to occur. During congestion, users and/or applications tend to reduce their traffic demand in reaction to quality of service (QoS) degradation to avoid negative service experience. We previously estimated that 2% packet loss results in 23% traffic reduction because of this upper-layer reaction [1]. We view this reduction as an upper-layer congestion-avoidance mechanism and construct a closed-loop model of this mechanism, which we call the Upper-Layer Closed-Loop (ULCL) model. We also show that by using ULCL, we can predict the degree of QoS degradation and traffic reduction as an equilibrium of the feedback loop. We applied our model to traffic and packet-loss ratio time series data gathered in an actual network and demonstrate that it effectively estimates actual traffic and packet-loss ratio.
URL: https://global.ieice.org/en_transactions/communications/10.1587/transcom.2019NRI0001/_p
부
@ARTICLE{e103-b_4_302,
author={Shigeaki HARADA, Keisuke ISHIBASHI, Ryoichi KAWAHARA, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications},
title={Modeling Upper Layer Reaction to QoS Degradation as a Congestion Avoidance Mechanism},
year={2020},
volume={E103-B},
number={4},
pages={302-311},
abstract={On the Internet, end hosts and network nodes interdependently work to smoothly transfer traffic. Observed traffic dynamics are the result of those interactions among those entities. To manage Internet traffic to provide satisfactory quality services, such dynamics need to be well understood to predict traffic patterns. In particular, some nodes have a function that sends back-pressure signals to backward nodes to reduce their sending rate and mitigate congestion. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control in end-hosts also mitigates traffic deviation to eliminate temporary congestion by reducing the TCP sending rate. How these congestion controls mitigate congestion has been extensively investigated. However, these controls only throttle their sending rate but do not reduce traffic volume. Such congestion control fails if congestion is persistent, e.g., for hours, because unsent traffic demand will infinitely accumulate. However, on the actual Internet, even with persistent congestion, such accumulation does not seem to occur. During congestion, users and/or applications tend to reduce their traffic demand in reaction to quality of service (QoS) degradation to avoid negative service experience. We previously estimated that 2% packet loss results in 23% traffic reduction because of this upper-layer reaction [1]. We view this reduction as an upper-layer congestion-avoidance mechanism and construct a closed-loop model of this mechanism, which we call the Upper-Layer Closed-Loop (ULCL) model. We also show that by using ULCL, we can predict the degree of QoS degradation and traffic reduction as an equilibrium of the feedback loop. We applied our model to traffic and packet-loss ratio time series data gathered in an actual network and demonstrate that it effectively estimates actual traffic and packet-loss ratio.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transcom.2019NRI0001},
ISSN={1745-1345},
month={April},}
부
TY - JOUR
TI - Modeling Upper Layer Reaction to QoS Degradation as a Congestion Avoidance Mechanism
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SP - 302
EP - 311
AU - Shigeaki HARADA
AU - Keisuke ISHIBASHI
AU - Ryoichi KAWAHARA
PY - 2020
DO - 10.1587/transcom.2019NRI0001
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SN - 1745-1345
VL - E103-B
IS - 4
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Y1 - April 2020
AB - On the Internet, end hosts and network nodes interdependently work to smoothly transfer traffic. Observed traffic dynamics are the result of those interactions among those entities. To manage Internet traffic to provide satisfactory quality services, such dynamics need to be well understood to predict traffic patterns. In particular, some nodes have a function that sends back-pressure signals to backward nodes to reduce their sending rate and mitigate congestion. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control in end-hosts also mitigates traffic deviation to eliminate temporary congestion by reducing the TCP sending rate. How these congestion controls mitigate congestion has been extensively investigated. However, these controls only throttle their sending rate but do not reduce traffic volume. Such congestion control fails if congestion is persistent, e.g., for hours, because unsent traffic demand will infinitely accumulate. However, on the actual Internet, even with persistent congestion, such accumulation does not seem to occur. During congestion, users and/or applications tend to reduce their traffic demand in reaction to quality of service (QoS) degradation to avoid negative service experience. We previously estimated that 2% packet loss results in 23% traffic reduction because of this upper-layer reaction [1]. We view this reduction as an upper-layer congestion-avoidance mechanism and construct a closed-loop model of this mechanism, which we call the Upper-Layer Closed-Loop (ULCL) model. We also show that by using ULCL, we can predict the degree of QoS degradation and traffic reduction as an equilibrium of the feedback loop. We applied our model to traffic and packet-loss ratio time series data gathered in an actual network and demonstrate that it effectively estimates actual traffic and packet-loss ratio.
ER -